File:Core of the Earth Spins.JPG

= “How the Core of the Earth Spins…?!" = In the present “Information Age" the culture of “Networked Society” is threatening to wipe away the ancient Veda-Dharma.

Indeed Human History is great eventful! Present hides the Past. Present hides the Future. It is cyclic and repeats itself. It is never antiquated, because humanity is always fundamentally the same.

Most particularly the age brought about by the new technologies of computation and computer mediated communication, mobile audio, video, television, film, radio and all of the new media are so fascinating, so intellectually demanding, that they alone  became worth lifetimes of individual effort.

 The economic implications of a world of global networks, of instantaneous communication, of electronic commerce, of households "wired" at a rate that doubles every year, of international monetary markets and economies linked electronically -- these implications, too, are worthy of and receive intensive study. And not least important are the legal problems of reconciling the standards for the Information Age of more than one hundred countries, of determining what is right, proper, secret, public, pornographic, militarily dangerous, privately owned, obscene, subversive and so on. About 80% of Web sites in the world are in English, with German and Japanese following with about 5% each. The  “English-speaking” cultural hegemony has became a subversive force that weakens, undermines or overrides traditional cultures and  failing to preserve cultural diversity  in this new electronic world order. This is demanding on developing international rules to deal with transborder terrorism, confidentiality, pornography, the drug trade, national security, subversion, censorship, and property rights in an era of electronic communication.

India has two unusual characteristics. First, it has the world's second largest pool of scientific manpower, reflected in the dynamic information technology industry. Second, it is a nation where the English language plays the special role as the link language of the nation. But precisely for this reason, some fear the vulnerability of India's traditional cultures to an Anglophonic tide. This threat may be defined in different ways: by pointing to the role of the English as the language of power and wealth in India, or by analyzing satellite TV that brings the antics of American millionaires in Hindi or Tamil to thousands of Indian rural villages, or by acknowledging the hegemony of English-language, American-based information technology and software. This has become a world where, in contemporary India, unless one speaks, reads, and writes English it is virtually impossible to use a computer much less sends email. It is a world of individuals with platinum Visa cards checking into five star hotels, of glittering luxury sports cars whose dashboards sparkle with subtle green gauges, of viscous shampoos that promise fragrance, body and romance, of soaps that turn filth to pristine whiteness, of politicians who promise whatever they think will enable them to win. It is a world of freely downloadable pornography, of search engines encumbered with advertisements, of information so vast in quantity as to overwhelm the most brilliant and devoted computer user. There are obvious advantages to sharing a common culture and language, even as a second culture and a second language, with much of the rest of the world. Without that second language, for example, India's vibrant software industry could not have happened.

It goes without saying that this world is offensive, even obscene, when 300 million Indians and a billion other humans go to bed each night hungry. Indeed, so shallow is this monoculture that we are within our rights to ask whether it is truly a culture at all… To think intelligently about the relationship of technology and culture, we need a broader framework because the dignity of human life, the right to a decent living, the right to choose one's rulers, to education, to literacy, to health, to freedom of speech, the press and religion -- that these values are not American, Islamic, Asian, or Indian, but simply human.

 Indian languages are phonetic; the Northern languages have a common root in Sanskrit; the study of the grammar and structure of Indian languages from Panini onwards is very advanced; and localization, although it is always costly and time-consuming, presents no special technical challenges. Thus I think that the push underway from States like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra is the force most likely to produce usable local language software and thus to make the Information Age accessible to the peoples of India.



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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"; color:#222222">Unfortunately, due to thousand years of slavery, burning of our universities and libraries by barbarians and then demands for tackling issues of survival first, there remains a lot of work to be done to rediscover the Vedic sciences. However, sufficient clues exist to justify why this rediscovery would be worthwhile!

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">The discoveries, inventions and scientific formulae of earlier centuries started changing very fast in the third decade of 20th century. Western savants found in the new scientific discoveries of sub atomic particles, Aristotle's “entelechy” also in the inanimate life and movement of “matter” towards perfection was observed. “Fatigue” was found even in steel. Those who had continued their faith in the Vedic metaphysics found once again the permanency of the truths contained in the Vedas, giving rude shocks to materialists and even rationalists. <span style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">The Vedas have repeatedly postulated that the Mt. Kailash as the earthly manifestation of the Kingdom of Lord Shiva. Rig Veda 3.23.4 states Mount Kailash is the central region of the universe. It is the navel of the world Hidden, Unknown and Forbidden entry to the Peak of Mysterious Mount Kailash. Earthly forces of power and greed forever sealed. This is the ‘Precious Jewel of Snow. Both geography and mythology play roles in the sacred significance of Mount Kailash. Vedas mentioned Mount Kailash as cosmic axis and world pillar, center of the world, and world tree. It has other names…Meru, Sumeru, Sushumna, Hemadri, Deva Parvata, Gana Parvata, Rajatadri, and Ratnasanu. The kingdom of Shiva is most bewitching! It s beauty is over powering and from a spiritual point of view, it possesses a subtle magnetic vibration of a supremely high order. <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-bidi-language: TE;mso-no-proof:yes"> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">Rig Veda 3.23.4 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif""> also states that east of Sumeru (Mt. Meru) is the ocean of milk, in which there is a white city on a white island where the Lord Shiva can be seen sitting with his consort Parvati.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">Mount Kailash is a regular square pyramid that analyzed with respect to the golden ratio and other ratios. Very interestingly intriguing is the geographical position of Mount Kailash Range which controls mysterious mountains of Easter Island, which are located exactly on the opposite side of the globe. Easter Island is known to be very famous for many unsolved mysteries: gigantic stone idols and wooden planks.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">Rig Veda 9.63.5 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif""> mentioned Lord Shiva as Yogic Indra and father of Maruts is the supreme deity. The area around this great mountain is the source of four life-giving rivers; the Indus, Brahmaputra, Sutlej and Karnali, which is a major tributary of India’s sacred Ganges, begin here. Four great rivers go around the world. These are divisions of Ganges River. These are Alakananda its Sothern branch, Sita to east, which identified with Yellow River of China, the Chakshu to the west, identified with the Oxus River of Central Asia, and the Bhadra to north, identified with Ob River of Siberia. These are main rivers of Tibetan plateau in four directions. The Meru region or Ilavrita marked by four great lakes.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">Scientists who have studied the mountain's topography and structure say that it has a pyramidal shape, and not unlike all known pyramids, is strictly oriented to the cardinal points and is <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif""> <span style="background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">situated in one of the most difficult for access. The sides of the mountain are surprisingly perpendicular and fall sheer for hundreds of feet. The main valleys and rock formations around Kailash are having regular geometrical forms. There have been determined the exact geographical coordinates of all edges and the top of Kailash, edge bases orientation for the parts of the world, as well as described the structure and construction of Kailash. As a result of the satellite images analyses a lens-like vertical formation has been detected on the top of Kailash. There have been examined the rock samples taken from the base of Kailash and water samples of brooks, beginning from the glaciers of this mount. There has been found the division boundary between the mount parts: namely, between the lower stratified structures, having the signs of destruction, and the upper one - monolithic and concrete-like. <span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">This boundary lies in the same horizontal plane at a number of rock formations around Kailash. <span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">Many hot springs nourish the rich vegetation. Many rare plants and medicinal herbs are able to flourish on this unusual volcanic soil.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">Many researchers believe that the foot and at the middle level of the mountain has voids. The researchers found the presence of cavities inside the sarcophagus, means “flesh-eating” that serves as a refuge in which a state of deep meditation. Many of these people were ready to believe in the existence of the super-natural in whatever form – higher intelligence, power, or energy. This interest remains strong to this day in many countries, to find this axis mundi, the most powerful place, the highest power, or the hidden intelligence. <span style="color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">This is the center of power, protected by unknown forces and energy.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">This supreme spirit is the cosmic energy and is the “Shiva Shakti” of Atharva Veda. Hindus worship Lord Shiva as Maha Deva and rarely describe Him as Parmatma. Maha Deva exercises this energy through His consort Parvati known by many names Amba, Durga, Kamakhya, Kali etc. <span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">This cosmic energy first entered through the cosmic Word “Shabad Brahma” OM pronounced as AUM, which changed into mass as Hiranyagarbha- the cosmic golden Egg (Y.V 16-4). On the opening or bursting of this “Cosmic Egg” great mass of this entire universe was formed with the combination of subtle gunas in different proportions, along with subtle and gross particles, atoms etc. These started joining in different proportions to form ether, air, water, fire and earth. Thus, the entire universe visible to human eye, perceivable by senses, visualized by scientists with powerful telescopes and other material instruments along with non-visible subtle worlds was formed.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">Chhandogya Upanishad describes this cosmic energy. It says, “From this engenderment, beams of light shot up and down, leading to formation of subtle and gross matter in the form of Prakriti - the divine Nature and also the Universe which too expanded in all directions as the sentient One spread itself everywhere.” <span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">

<p class="MsoNormal">'''<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">The God is visible at Ashtapad Parvat '''

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">The southern face of Mt. Kailash, with the Meru Danda (spine) running through its middle is the Ashtapad Mountain at an elevation of 4900 meters (17000 feet). The human Spinal Column is known as Meru Danda. This is the axis of the body just as Mount Meru is the axis of the earth. Hence the spine is called ‘Meru’. Spinal column is otherwise known as spine, axis-staff or vertebral column. Man is microcosm. (Pinda - Kshudra-Brahmanda). All things seen in the universe,—mountains, rivers, Bhutas, etc., exist in the body also. All the Tattvas and Lokas (worlds) are within the body. Meru Danda has 33<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;"> principles Devtas who were the guardians of Nature and Cosmic Creation. They are 12 Adityas or Solar gods including Indra, Surya, Mitra and Varuna. 11 Rudras include the Manifestations of Lord Shiva. Vasus or Elemental gods such as Vayu, Agni, Antariksh and Dyaus, the Sky God as well Prajaipathi Brahma and Shri Vishnu.

<p style="margin:0in0in0.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0.5in;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;"> Ashtapad means Eight Steps of Yoga. The name "Ashtapad” is derived from the fact that there are eight (Ashta) steps (Pad) leading to the palace. The Himalaya is also called Ashtapad since it has a range of eight different mountains, namely Gaurishankar, Kailash, Badrinath, Nanda, Drongiri, Narayan, Nar and Trishuli.

<p style="margin:0in0in0.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0.5in;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;"><span style="color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">A huge  Swastika sign is visible on Ashtapad Parvat. The four branches of the Swastika represent the fourfold principles of divinity, which include: 1) Brahma, as the four-faced secondary creator of the universe who spreads the sacred knowledge in four directions; 2) the four Vedas, namely the Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva; 3) the four aims of life or Purusharthas, namely, Dharma (righteousness or sacred duty), Artha (acquiring wealth), Kama (fulfilling desires), and Moksha (liberation from any further cycles of birth and death); 4) the four Ashramas of life which make the latter possible, namely Brahmacharya (student life of self-control), Grihastha (house-holder life), Vanaprastha (retired), and Sannyasa (life of renunciation); and 5) the four Varnas, or Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">

<p class="MsoNormal">'''<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">The God is visible at Om Parvat or Parvati Parvat '''

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">"Aum" is the most sacred syllable. It contains of three curves, one semicircle and a dot. The large lo

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">wer curve symbolizes the waking state; the upper curve denotes deep sleep (or the unconscious) state, and the lower curve (which lies between deep sleep and the waking state) signifies the dream state.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">Yajur Veda 34-43 has a vivid reference to three bodies of the divine Nature (Prakriti) and of the human beings, describes as “tri-ani-pada” three kinds of bodies- gross, subtle and causal. <span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">In the mother hymn Gāyatri Mantra these three conditions are mentioned as i.e., waking, sleeping and profound sleeping. Atharva Veda refers to these three as “Jagrit, Swapna and Sushupti” conditions of the human manifested soul.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">These three states of an individual’s consciousness, and therefore the entire physical phenomenon, are represented by the three curves. The dot signifies the Absolute (fourth or Turiya state of consciousness), which illuminates the other three states. The semicircle symbolizes  <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">Maya <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">  <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">and separates the dot from the other three curves. The semicircle is open on the top, which means that the absolute is infinite and is not affected by Maya. Maya only affects the manifested phenomenon. In this way the form of Aum symbolizes the infinite Brahman and the entire Universe. <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">It is like electricity, which takes the form of object it enters and communicates silently with the entire body through innumerable nerves, which are contained in the body along with heat energy (R.V 6-47-8).

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">Rig Veda 6-9-5 refers to this immense energy of the inward looking mind (Manas) that can create with the help of spirit complete harmony in the body and soul.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">The word krimi is used in Veda for different macroscopic and microscopic creatures. Right from bacteria, various insects like kita, patanga were nominated as krimi. Two types of krimi viz. Drishta (Visible/Macroscopic) and Adrishta (Invisible / Microscopic) were described in Veda. These two categories encompass nearly all krimi (Microbes / pathogens). According to their origin and Habitat they were categorized as pranyashrayee and Anyasthanashrayee. Different sharirika, manasika and adhyatmic vyadhis were thought to be originated from these Krimis. These harmful and debilitates (Pushtinashaka) organisms were recognized by various names based on troubles/sufferings they produce. Sun and Agni (fire) were described as internal source of krimichikitsa. Today science also confirms this fact. That early morning ultraviol

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">et light rays emanating from sun can be used for various krimijanya-vyadhis. Mineral drugs, fumigation, cleansing (Marjan-prokshana) and hymns were described for krimi and diseases caused by them.

<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center">'''<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">The God is visible at Pyramidical Mount Kailash '''

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">How the earth is rotating and how it rotates exactly on its axis and how it maintains its axis and its speed and how this could happen constantly when it is surrounded by vacuum????

<p class="MsoNormal">'''<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">How the Core of the Earth Spins….!?? '''<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">Rig Veda Hymns  10.092 1 to 15 now decoded that answers on the Mysterious Cosmic Energy of Mount Kailash spinning the Core of the Earth.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">  The gravitational effect of Solar System makes the Earth stable as stated in the Rig Veda.1-103-2, 1-115-4 and 5-81-2. The axle of the Earth does not get rusted and it continues to revolve on its a

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">xle. This was stated in the Rig .Veda 1-164-29.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">The planet Earth consists of a series of distinct layers, each of which has a unique structure. The top layer, known as the crust, is the thinnest layer of the Earth with a thickness of 30 km (18.6 miles). About 71% of the Earth's surface is water-covered, and the  <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">oceans   hold about 96.5% of all Earth's water, saline. But fresh water also exists in the air as water vapor, in  rivers   and  lakes , in icecaps and  glaciers , in the ground as soil moisture and in  aquifers.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">The volume of Water on the Earth would be about 332,500,000 cubic miles (mi3) (1,386,000,000 cubic kilometers (km3)), and be about 860 miles (about 1,385 kilometers) in diameter.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">The volume of Fresh Water in groundwater, swamp water, rivers, and lakes of the Earth would be about 2,551,000 mi3 (10,633,450 km3) and form a sphere about 169.5 miles (272.8 kilometers) in diameter. <span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";mso-no-proof:yes">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">The crust and the upper portion of the mantle form the lithosphere. It extends from Earth’s surface to about 97 kilometers (60 miles) below it. Oceanic and continental crust is part of the lithosphere. The rocks and minerals in Earth’s lithosphere are made of many elements. Oxygen and silicon are the most abundant elements in the lithosphere. Rocks with both oxygen and silicon are called silicates. Quartz is the most common silicate in the lithosphere. It is also the most common type of rock on Earth. The lithosphere constantly interacts with the hydrosphere and atmosphere.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">No one has ever ventured below Earth’s crust. One way <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">geologist<span style="color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">s have gathered information about what lies below the planet’s surface is by studying  seismic wave<span style="color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">s, or vibrations, associated with  ear <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;">thquake<span style="color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">s <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">. <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:rgb(37,37,37);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">The solidity of the inner core had been difficult to establish because the elastic  <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">shear waves   that are expected to pass through a solid mass are very weak and difficult for seismographs on the Earth's surface to detect, since they become so attenuated on their way from the inner core to the surface by their passage through the liquid outer core. <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'TimesNewRoman',serif;color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">Recent studies  <span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">indicate<span style="color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">  <span style="color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">that the  boundary <span style="color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">between the outer part of the core and the mantle is bumpy and irregular, with high peaks and low valleys. The mantle is  molten<span style="color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">, meaning it is composed of partly melted rock. This molten rock is forced to the surface at volcanic eruption<span style="color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">s and  mid-ocean ridge<span style="color:rgb(68,68,68);background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">s.

<p style="margin:0in0in0.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0.5in;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;"><span style="color:black;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">Below the crust, there are four distinct layers and these are called the upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core and inner core. The inner core of the Earth has a number of surprising properties. The Earth's inner core is surprisingly large, measuring 2,440 km (1,516 miles) across. It makes up 19 percent of the Earth's total volume, which makes it just 30 percent smaller than the moon.

<p style="margin:0in0in0.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0.5in;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">The Core is the center part of the earth and is actually divided into an outer core and inner core. Seismological research has shown that the core has an outer shell about 2225 km (1380 mi) thick with an average density of 10 g/cm3. This shell is probably rigid, and studies show that its outer surface has depressions and peaks, the latter forming where warm material rises and its volume is 9.199 x10^20 cubic meters with Density of 10 g/cm3 <span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">In contrast, the inner core, which has a radius of about 1275 km (795 mi), is solid and its volume is 0.48 % of earth's volume. <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">The enormous pressure in the Earth's core, which is millions of times higher at the inner core surface than the atmospheric pressure at the Earth's surface, has aligned iron atoms in a distinctive crystalline structure that slows down waves in some directions and creates "a fast track" for seismic waves in a near north-south direction. The "fast-track axis" is not exactly north-south but is tilted slightly from the axis around which the Earth is rotating. The core's "fast axis" would emerge at an imaginary point on Earth's surface up to 10 ° from the North Pole, where the spin axis would emerge.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">Essentially, the waves that traveled through the area outside the inner core—the crust, the mantle, the outer core are all the same, but only when they travel through the inner core they are different.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">The Earth and the core are rotating on the same spin axis from West to Eat at 1000 mph, but because the inner core rotates on "fast axis"  from East to West at 1006 mph, just a bit faster than the planet as a whole.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">About a billion amps of current are flowing into and out of the inner core, across the boundary between the inner and outer cores. This current, in the presence of a magnetic field, results in forces being applied to the inner core, which then rotates. Essentially, the inner core rotates because it is part of a vast electric motor. The inner core has a diameter about three-quarters that of the Moon and a mass density almost 13 times greater than the density of water. The mass of the inner core is about one hundred million- million - million tons -- which is about 30% greater than the mass of the Moon.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">The inner core rotates at a rate of 0.3 to 0.5 ° per year faster than the mantle and crust. That's about 50,000 times faster than the tectonic plates move on the planet's surface. The 0.3 to 0.5 ° may not sound like so much, but within the solid Earth system, that is pretty fast!

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">The discovery of such a fundamental property will advance planetary understanding. It will spark new research to explain the observed pattern of changes in Earth's magnetic field, including the way the north and south poles have "wandered" and reversed periodically over Earth's history. It will yield new knowledge about temperatures at the center of the Earth and the flow of planetary heat that ultimately drives the motions of tectonic plates at Earth's surface to create mountains and oceans, split continents and cause earthquakes

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif"">There is so much to learn from the Kingdom of Shiva. Let us share this Vedic Nectar with all….Sivkishen, Author