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Ancient Distance Calculation
Karasher looked at Temüjin and said, "Oh dear! The geography of the Khentii Mountains situated in the coordinates of Latitude: 48° 46' 59.88" N and Longitude: 109° 10' 1.20" E. The Kherlen River has its origin in the south slopes of the Khentii Mountains and flows in a mostly eastern direction through the Khentii aimag. The Burkhan Khaldun Mountain in the Khan Khentii, about 112 miles northeast of Ulaanbaatar, closer to Dadal of Khentii Province in eastern Mongolia. This is one of the most beautiful sums in Mongolia. This is your birthplace, situated in the Coordinates of Latitude 49.0124N, and Longitude 111.509E, elevation 3392 ft.

Please note that your beloved mother Queen Hoelun and your great-grandmother Queen Alan Qo'a, and your engaged wife Börte are all Khongirads of Olkhonud tribe. This tribe is also known as Qongirat, one of the major divisions of the Mongol tribes. Their homeland is located at Argun in Inner Mongolia in the vicinity of Lake Hulun in Inner Mongolia on its northern shore, and the water will meet the Argun River (Ergune) after about 19 mi, elevation 6,434 ft. Its coordinates lay 48°N 109°E

Point 1:    49.0124N, 111.509E; Point 2:48°N, 109°E. Midpoint: 48°30′47″N, 110°14′31″E

As per my calculations of distance between Dadal of Khentii Province and Argun in Inner Mongolia by horse route is 240 miles. We need a minimum 12 hours traveling time with an average sloping speed of 20 miles/hr with added wind velocity. We need to break the journey at least twice, depending upon the rest location we choose, while the horses need feed after covering 60 miles. The horse cart route chosen was buffer zones along the Upper Tuul River and the Buryat lands at Batshireet and Onon River. The hovering clouds are white up above the sky. This indicates a pleasant weather. All the preparations are made to care our rest."

Temüjin was curious and wanted to know, "Oh master! Please let me know about 'coordinate calculation'." Karasher was happy at the interest shown and said, "Oh dear Temüjin! Let me explain on how to calculate the distance based on the method of 'coordinate calculation' on the basis of a spherical earth, which is accurate enough for most purposes. The shortest distance over the earth’s surface – giving an ‘as-the-crow-flies’ distance between the points ignoring any hills they fly over, of course! Flight is the main mode of locomotion used by most of the world's bird species. Flight assists birds while feeding, breeding, avoiding predators, and migrating. Falcon is the best having high-speed wings with the excellent memory. Its wings are the key to flight. Each wing has a central vane to hit the wind. It is capable of making a note of the starting point as well destination. Initially, it will ignore the mountains. But on specific training, it travels on the horse route. When it back the time difference and its speed are important to us to arrive at the distance. In this case, the first point is based on the Coordinates of Latitude, and Longitude and elevation. When we take a midpoint based on the the-the start point and end point and the difference in longitude, Midpoint is the half-way point along a great circle path between the two points will give the distance. Once the route is identified we verify by the pilot horse. Thus we determine the distance between two places."

  Temüjin was quick enough to understand the method of 'distance calculation' and decided to have a more scientific approach in this area as it is vital for mobility.....Read, "Khan the Great " and learn more about    Mongolia's wetlands are diverse-glaciers, lakes, rivers, streams, marshes, oases etc....Sivkishen Ji